Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Relationship between risk factor trends and disease trends

A J Dobson1

  • 1Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Annals of Medicine
|February 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Population risk factor trends, like blood pressure and smoking, explain about half of the mortality decline from ischemic heart disease in Australia. Improvements in blood pressure and smoking reduction were key drivers, particularly for men.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Asthma severity and impact on perinatal outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2021
Same author

Age at menarche and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of six studies.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2020
Same author

Vasomotor menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular disease risk in midlife: A longitudinal study.

Maturitas·2020
Same author

Protective effect of hormone therapy among women with hysterectomy/oophorectomy.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2017
Same author

Young women's psychological distress after a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2016
Same author

Unit cohesion, traumatic exposure and mental health of military personnel.

Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)·2016

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Understanding the link between population-level risk factor changes and disease rate trends is crucial for public health.
  • Ecological studies face methodological challenges including small sample sizes, time lags, and multiple sources of variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the extent to which population trends in risk factor levels explain disease rate trends.
  • To apply and illustrate two methods for analyzing these relationships using Australian data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing predictive equations from longitudinal individual studies applied to population average data.
  • Employing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies to estimate effects of risk factor changes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing Australian data on ischemic heart disease mortality, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol trends during the 1980s.

    • Main Results:

    • Both applied methods suggest that changes in smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels may account for approximately half of the mortality decline in men and a smaller proportion in women.
    • Improvements in population blood pressure levels and, for men, reductions in smoking were identified as the primary contributors to this decline.

    Conclusions:

    • Ecological analyses, when carefully conducted to avoid epidemiological pitfalls, can yield valid insights into the relationship between population risk factors and disease trends.
    • Changes in established risk factors significantly contribute to observed declines in ischemic heart disease mortality, highlighting the impact of public health interventions.