The application of fractal analysis to mammographic tissue classification

As a first step in determining the efficacy of using computers to assist in diagnosis of medical images, an investigation has been conducted which utilizes the patterns, or textures, in the images. To be of value, any computer scheme must be able to recognize and differentiate the various patterns. An obvious example of this in mammography is the recognition of tumorous tissue and non-malignant abnormal tissue from normal parenchymal tissue. We have developed a pattern recognition technique which uses features derived from the fractal nature of the image. Further, we are able to develop mathematical models which can be used to differentiate and classify the many tissue types. Based on a limited number of cases of digitized mammograms, our computer algorithms have been able to distinguish tumorous from healthy tissue and to distinguish among various parenchymal tissue patterns. These preliminary results indicate that discrimination based on the fractal nature of images may well represent a viable approach to utilizing computers to assist in diagnosis.