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Cigarette smoking and ulcerative colitis: a case-control study

M D Silverstein1, B A Lashner, S B Hanauer

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Illinois.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Current smokers have a significantly lower risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC). This study found no increased risk for former smokers, suggesting smoking cessation does not negate the protective effect against UC.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated a reduced risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) in current smokers and an increased risk in former smokers.
  • The potential confounding factors for this association, such as demographics and socioeconomic status, required further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether demographic factors (age, sex, race, ethnicity) and socioeconomic status explain the observed association between smoking and ulcerative colitis.
  • To clarify the relationship between smoking status and ulcerative colitis risk.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted involving 100 patients with ulcerative colitis and 100 matched controls.
  • Telephone interviews collected data on smoking habits, demographics, and socioeconomic factors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze smoking habits at symptom onset and calculate adjusted odds ratios.

    • Main Results:

    • Current smokers had a significantly lower risk of ulcerative colitis (odds ratio = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.05–0.38) compared to never-smokers.
    • Former smokers did not show an increased risk (odds ratio = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.52–2.95).
    • Race, religion, income, education, and occupation did not confound the association.

    Conclusions:

    • A strong association exists between ulcerative colitis and being a non-smoker.
    • Nicotine's potential effect on symptom manifestation in ulcerative colitis patients who smoke warrants further exploration.