Effects of visualization and Danjeon breathing on target shooting with an air pistol

This investigation was conducted to assess which technique, visualization, Danjeon breathing, or a combination of these, would be most effective in enhancing target shooting with an air pistol. 48 college students (28 men, 20 women) were selected and randomly assigned to one of four groups (ns = 12): control, visualization, Danjeon breathing, and visualization plus Danjeon breathing. Data were analyzed by a 4 x 5 (groups x days) analysis of variance with repeated measures on days. Both the combination of visualization plus Danjeon breathing and the Danjeon breathing alone were significantly better than the control on most of the measures of shooting performance.