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[Hematologic changes induced by exertion during a long-distance race]

A F Remacha1, J Ordóñez, F García-Díe

  • 1Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona.

Sangre
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Long-distance running causes significant hematological changes in athletes, including increased white blood cells and signs of hemolysis. These alterations, often due to plasma volume changes, typically resolve post-race.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Endurance running significantly impacts physiological markers.
  • Understanding hematological responses is crucial for athlete health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate hematological changes in well-trained runners during a long-distance race.
  • To identify specific blood parameter alterations and their potential causes.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen well-trained runners (15 male, 2 female) participated in a 6-hour race.
  • Blood samples were collected pre-race, at 2, 4, and end of race, and 4 days post-race.
  • Analyzed parameters included hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, reticulocytes, haptoglobin, transferrin, serum B12, and urinalysis.

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Main Results:

  • Increased hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets, likely from plasma volume decrease.
  • Evidence of hemolysis (increased reticulocytes, decreased haptoglobin).
  • Mild hematuria observed, with no significant hemoglobinuria or iron-related findings. All changes normalized post-race.

Conclusions:

  • Long-distance running induces notable hematological shifts, partly due to hemoconcentration.
  • Leukocytosis, hemolysis, and hematuria are significant findings in runners.
  • These hematological changes should be considered during health assessments of endurance athletes.