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Fenthion produces a persistent decrease in muscarinic receptor function in the adult rat retina

P Tandon1, S Padilla, S Barone

  • 1Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
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Organophosphate pesticide fenthion prolongedly impairs rat retinal cholinergic function, affecting signal transduction independently of cholinesterase inhibition or receptor density changes. This study highlights potential long-term visual system damage from pesticide exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Organophosphate pesticides are known neurotoxins.
  • Previous reports suggest organophosphate exposure can damage the visual system.
  • The specific long-term effects of fenthion on the retinal cholinergic system remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prolonged effects of an acute dose of fenthion on the cholinergic system of the rat retina.
  • To assess cholinesterase activity, muscarinic receptor function, and glial cell response in the retina and frontal cortex following fenthion exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Adult male rats received a single dose of fenthion (100 mg/kg).
  • Cholinesterase activity and muscarinic receptor function (inositol phosphate release) were measured at 4, 14, and 56 days post-treatment.

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  • Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity was assessed using light microscopy.

    • Main Results:

    • Fenthion caused significant cholinesterase inhibition and a long-lasting decrease in carbachol-stimulated inositol phosphate release in the retina.
    • Muscarinic receptor density decreased at 4 days but recovered by 56 days.
    • Increased GFAP immunoreactivity was observed in the retina, indicating a glial response, persisting up to 56 days.

    Conclusions:

    • Fenthion induces prolonged alterations in the retinal cholinergic second messenger system, potentially independent of cholinesterase inhibition or receptor downregulation.
    • The observed retinal effects, including altered signal transduction and glial activation, suggest specific long-term toxicity to the visual system.
    • These findings underscore the potential for organophosphate pesticides to cause lasting damage to the visual system.