Endocrine response to HIV infection. Involvement of thyroid gland

Endocrine dysfunctions were associated at different stages of infection, including those early in the course of HIV infection. In fact adrenal insufficiency, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, hyponatremia, reduced gonadotropins levels, gonadal abnormalities and changes in hormone-binding proteins were reported in HIV infection. Also a thyroid involvement with autoimmune phenomena was observed in HIV infection by several studies giving different explanations of altered thyroid conditions. These findings suggest an effect of HIV on endocrine system. Recognition of endocrine manifestations in these patients may contribute to better characterize different stages of the infection and improve the management of HIV patients.