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Cleft type and speech proficiency

M L Haapanen1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica : Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) exhibit fewer speech sound issues like hypernasality compared to those with cleft palate (CP). Both CLP and cleft lip (CL) groups showed similar nasalance scores, indicating comparable resonance.

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Dysfunction of the auditory cortex persists in infants with certain cleft types.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2000

Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Craniofacial Anomalies
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) conditions significantly impact speech development and resonance.
  • Understanding differences in speech outcomes among various cleft types is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Secondary surgeries are common in managing residual effects of clefts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare speech characteristics, nasalance, and secondary surgery rates in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip (CL).
  • To identify specific speech differences related to hypernasality and nasal air emissions across different cleft subtypes.
  • To correlate speech data with surgical history in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive speech data analysis was conducted on three groups: CLP (n=30), CP (n=55), and CL (n=28).
  • Nasalance measurements were collected to quantify hypernasality.
  • Frequency of secondary surgeries was recorded and compared across groups.

Main Results:

  • CLP children demonstrated significantly less hypernasality and fewer audible nasal air emissions compared to CP children.
  • Articulation proficiency was comparable across all three groups (CLP, CP, CL).
  • CLP and CL children had similar nasalance scores, both significantly lower than those of CP children. Secondary surgery rates were similar for CLP and CP groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) may confer a relative advantage in speech resonance compared to isolated cleft palate (CP).
  • Articulation skills appear less affected by the specific type of cleft in this cohort.
  • Nasalance provides a quantifiable measure differentiating speech resonance in CP versus CLP/CL populations, with implications for surgical and therapeutic planning.

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