Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Endocrinology
• Oncology

Background:

• The description of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in 1955 marked the beginning of clinical gastrointestinal endocrinology.
• Extensive research has identified 19 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cells and 40 humoral products.
• The functions of many discovered peptides and amines are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advancements in understanding gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cells and their associated tumors.
• To highlight the improved diagnostic and localization techniques for neuroendocrine neoplasms.
• To emphasize the current cornerstone of treatment for these tumors.

Main Methods:

• Review of basic and clinical investigations in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrinology.
• Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including biochemical and localization techniques.
• Evaluation of treatment strategies for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Main Results:

• Significant progress in identifying neuroendocrine cells and their products, though many functions remain unknown.
• Improved diagnostic accuracy and early detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
• Increased number of patients diagnosed and treated surgically before metastasis.

Conclusions:

• Despite advances, many gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cells and products require further research.
• Early surgical excision remains the primary treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
• Future treatments may involve chemotherapy and receptor modulation, but surgery is currently paramount.