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Related Experiment Videos

Death from anaphylaxis to cisplatin: a case report

S Zweizig1, L D Roman, L I Muderspach

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.

Gynecologic Oncology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

A patient experienced fatal anaphylaxis despite precautions when treated with cisplatin for ovarian cancer recurrence. This highlights the severe risks of hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-based chemotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin and carboplatin, is a cornerstone treatment for ovarian carcinoma.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to platinum agents can occur, ranging from mild symptoms to severe anaphylaxis.
  • Patient presented with recurrent ovarian carcinoma, previously responsive to cisplatin.

Observation:

  • The patient experienced a seizure during carboplatin treatment and was switched back to cisplatin.
  • Despite premedication with antihistamines and steroids, the patient developed refractory anaphylactic shock after a low dose of cisplatin (400 micrograms).
  • The anaphylactic reaction was not responsive to resuscitation efforts.

Findings:

  • The reported incidence of cisplatin hypersensitivity ranges from 1% to 20%.

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  • Standard preventive measures, including premedication, single-agent chemotherapy, and slow infusion rates, were ineffective in this case.
  • This case illustrates a rare but fatal outcome of cisplatin-induced anaphylaxis.

    • Implications:

    • Clinicians should be aware of the potential for severe, refractory hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin, even with preventive strategies.
    • Further research may be needed to identify patients at higher risk for severe HSRs and to develop more effective management protocols.
    • This case underscores the critical importance of vigilant monitoring during platinum-based chemotherapy administration.