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Mitral stenosis in 15 dogs

L B Lehmkuhl1, W A Ware, J D Bonagura

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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Mitral stenosis, a heart condition, was diagnosed in 15 dogs, with Newfoundlands and bull terriers showing predisposition. The study highlights poor outcomes for affected dogs, emphasizing the severity of this canine heart disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Cardiology
  • Canine Pathology

Background:

  • Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening, impeding blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
  • This condition can lead to significant cardiovascular complications and reduced quality of life in affected animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings in dogs with mitral stenosis.
  • To identify potential breed predispositions and pathological causes of mitral stenosis in dogs.
  • To evaluate the outcome and prognosis for dogs diagnosed with mitral stenosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 15 dogs diagnosed with mitral stenosis.
  • Diagnostic methods included physical examination, radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography (M-mode, 2D, Doppler), cardiac catheterization, and necropsy.

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  • Breed, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and outcomes were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • 15 young to middle-aged dogs diagnosed with mitral stenosis; breed predisposition suggested in Newfoundlands and bull terriers.
    • Clinical signs included dyspnea, cough, exercise intolerance, and syncope; murmurs were inconsistently detected.
    • Radiographic and echocardiographic findings revealed left atrial enlargement and abnormal mitral valve diastolic motion; cardiac catheterization confirmed diastolic pressure gradients. Necropsy identified thickened, fused mitral valve leaflets or supramitral rings as causes.
    • The outcome was poor, with 9 of 15 dogs euthanatized or deceased by 2.5 years of age.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitral stenosis in dogs is associated with specific echocardiographic and hemodynamic abnormalities.
    • Breed predisposition may exist, and the condition often leads to severe left-sided congestive heart failure and a poor prognosis.
    • Early diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology are crucial for managing canine mitral stenosis.