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Exercise training and prescription for the elderly

M L Pollock1, J E Graves, D L Swart

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Southern Medical Journal
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Older adults benefit from exercise programs focusing on functional capacity and quality of life. Adaptations include lower intensity, increased frequency/duration, and gradual progression for safe and effective training.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional exercise programs for individuals over 65 prioritize fitness.
  • Maintaining functional capacity and quality of life are crucial for the elderly population.
  • Existing guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine for adults can be adapted for older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline exercise prescription guidelines for individuals over 65.
  • To emphasize the importance of functional capacity and quality of life in elderly exercise programs.
  • To detail modifications needed for safe and effective exercise in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of standard exercise guidelines (frequency, intensity, duration, mode).
  • Emphasis on lower intensity, increased frequency and duration compared to younger adults.

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  • Inclusion of strength/resistance training for major muscle groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise intensity for the elderly is typically lower (40%-80% of maximal heart rate reserve).
    • Training frequency and duration are increased to compensate for lower intensity.
    • Low-impact activities and gradual progression are recommended, avoiding high-impact and heavy lifting.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise prescriptions for older adults should prioritize low to moderate intensity and low-impact activities.
    • Gradual progression and strength training are essential for maintaining muscle mass and bone health.
    • Adapting exercise application, rather than fundamental principles, is key for the elderly population.