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Parenting practices and age-group swimming: a correlational study

T G Power¹, C Woolger

¹Department of Psychology, University of Houston.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

|March 1, 1994

Summary

Parental support boosts young swimmers' enthusiasm. Moderate directiveness and performance goals also enhance enjoyment, but father modeling negatively impacts boys' enthusiasm.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Sports Psychology
Parenting Studies

Background:

Understanding the influence of parenting on children's sports experiences is crucial for fostering positive youth development.
Competitive swimming involves significant parental involvement, yet specific correlates of children's enjoyment and commitment remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between parenting practices and children's experiences in competitive age-group swimming.
To identify specific parental behaviors associated with child enthusiasm, effort, competitiveness, commitment, and perceived ability.

Main Methods:

Survey research involving 44 families of competitive swimmers aged 6-14 years.
Data collection included questionnaires completed by mothers, fathers, children, and coaches.
Measures assessed childrearing practices, child enthusiasm, effort, competitiveness, commitment, and ability.

Main Results:

Parental support from both mothers and fathers positively correlated with child enthusiasm.
Parental performance outcome goals and directiveness exhibited curvilinear effects, with moderate levels yielding highest child enthusiasm.
Mother modeling positively influenced enthusiasm for all children, while father modeling negatively impacted boys' enthusiasm.

Conclusions:

Parental support is a key factor in fostering positive experiences in youth swimming.
Optimal levels of parental directiveness and performance outcome goals exist, suggesting a balance is beneficial.
Gender-specific effects of parental modeling highlight the need for nuanced understanding of parental influence in youth sports.

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