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Selective messenger translation by Bacillus subtilis ribosomes

L Legualt-Démare, G H Chambliss

    Molecular & General Genetics : MGG
    |December 31, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacillus subtilis protein synthesis struggles with translating E. coli phage T4 RNA, unlike E. coli systems. The 30S ribosomal subunit in B. subtilis limits this translation, primarily at the first peptide bond formation step.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Bacterial Genetics
    • Protein Synthesis

    Background:

    • Bacterial protein synthesis systems exhibit species-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) translation efficiencies.
    • Understanding cross-species translation is crucial for molecular biology and genetic engineering.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the molecular basis for the restricted translation of Escherichia coli phage T4 RNA by the in vitro Bacillus subtilis protein synthesizing system.
    • To compare the translation capabilities of B. subtilis and E. coli systems using heterologous mRNA.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro protein synthesis assays using B. subtilis and E. coli systems.
    • Analysis of mRNA translation efficiency for homologous and heterologous RNA species.
    • Functional assessment of initiation factors and ribosomal subunits.

    Main Results:

    • The B. subtilis system showed limited ability to translate E. coli phage T4 RNA, while the E. coli system efficiently translated both homologous and B. subtilis mRNA.
    • Initiation factors were found to be functionally interchangeable between the two systems.
    • The 30S ribosomal subunit of B. subtilis was identified as the primary determinant of restricted template specificity.
    • Peptide bond formation, not initiation complex formation, was the most significant bottleneck for T4 RNA translation in B. subtilis.

    Conclusions:

    • The 30S ribosomal subunit of B. subtilis imposes template specificity, restricting the translation of foreign mRNA like E. coli phage T4 RNA.
    • The primary limitation in B. subtilis's translation of T4 RNA occurs during the peptide bond formation step.

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