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Dispositional traits as risk in problem drinking

D Chalmers1, N L Olenick, W Stein

  • 1University of California, Irvine.

Journal of Substance Abuse
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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The Problem Drinker Trait List (PDTL) effectively identifies personality traits linked to drinking problems, performing comparably to or better than the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC). This trait-dispositional approach offers valuable insights into problematic alcohol use.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research
  • Personality Science

Background:

  • Personality traits are increasingly recognized as significant factors in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders.
  • Traditional personality assessments, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), have been used to understand problematic drinking.
  • A trait-dispositional paradigm offers an alternative framework for examining personality and its relation to drinking problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between personality dispositions and drinking problems using a trait-dispositional framework.
  • To compare the predictive efficacy of the Problem Drinker Trait List (PDTL) with the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC).
  • To analyze the psychometric properties of the PDTL and identify key predictive trait clusters for men and women.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Methods:

  • A total of 241 subjects (192 men, 49 women) attending a Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) first-offender program were assessed.
  • Data collected included the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) at arrest, the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC), and the Problem Drinker Trait List (PDTL).
  • Psychometric properties of the PDTL were analyzed and compared to the MAC, with a focus on predicting drinking problems across varying severity levels.

Main Results:

  • The PDTL demonstrated comparable or superior performance to the MAC in predicting drinking problems, especially for individuals with lower arrest BAC.
  • Comparative analysis revealed minimal overlap between the item domains of the MAC and PDTL's best predictors.
  • Predictive trait clusters for men included Emotionality/Depressiveness, Impulsivity, and Low Self-Confidence; for women, they included Depressiveness, Overcontrol, and Alienation.

Conclusions:

  • The trait-dispositional paradigm, operationalized by the PDTL, is a valuable tool for understanding and predicting drinking problems.
  • The PDTL shows strong predictive validity, particularly in identifying individuals with less severe drinking problems based on BAC.
  • Distinct personality trait clusters are associated with problematic drinking in men and women, highlighting the need for gender-specific considerations in assessment and intervention.