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Related Experiment Videos

What makes extinction work: an analysis of procedural form and function

B A Iwata1, G M Pace, G E Cowdery

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Effective extinction therapy for self-injurious behavior (SIB) requires tailoring interventions to the specific function of the behavior. Discontinuing the maintaining reinforcement is key for successful treatment of SIB.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Developmental Disabilities
  • Applied Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Self-injurious behavior (SIB) presents a significant challenge in individuals with developmental disabilities.
  • SIB can be maintained by various reinforcement contingencies, including positive reinforcement (attention), negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement (sensory).
  • Understanding the function of SIB is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of extinction procedures to different functional variations of self-injurious behavior (SIB).
  • To evaluate the efficacy of function-based extinction interventions for children with developmental disabilities exhibiting SIB.
  • To highlight the importance of functional analysis in guiding the selection and classification of therapeutic interventions for SIB.

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Main Methods:

  • Three children with developmental disabilities who engaged in head banging (a form of SIB) were assessed.
  • A functional analysis was conducted to identify the reinforcement contingencies maintaining each child's SIB.
  • Three functional variations of extinction therapy—EXT (attention), EXT (escape), and EXT (sensory)—were evaluated using reversal or multiple baseline designs.

Main Results:

  • Reductions in SIB were observed only when the extinction procedure specifically targeted and discontinued the reinforcement maintaining the behavior.
  • EXT (attention) was effective for the child whose SIB was maintained by adult attention.
  • EXT (escape) was effective for the child whose SIB was maintained by escape from tasks, and EXT (sensory) was applied to the child with automatically reinforced SIB.

Conclusions:

  • The effectiveness of extinction therapy for SIB is contingent upon its functional application, targeting the specific maintaining reinforcement.
  • Topographically similar SIB maintained by different functions requires distinct extinction strategies.
  • Functional analysis is essential for designing, selecting, and classifying appropriate therapeutic interventions for behavior disorders.