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Immune cell circulating subsets are affected by gonadal function

T Giglio1, M A Imro, G Filaci

  • 1Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Italy.

Life Sciences
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Menopause is linked to reduced B and CD4 T lymphocytes, potentially lowering autoimmune disease risk. Premature menopause, however, shows immune system activation with increased cytotoxic cells, suggesting autoimmune involvement.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Sex hormones significantly influence immune system activity.
  • Women experience higher autoimmune disease prevalence than men, a disparity that diminishes post-menopause.
  • Hormonal shifts during menopause are implicated, but specific correlations with immune function remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) phenotype and natural cytotoxicity in menopausal women.
  • To compare these immune parameters with those of fertile and postmenopausal women, including those with premature menopause.
  • To correlate immune cell profiles with specific hormonal patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Radioimmune assays for hormonal level detection.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis for PBL phenotype.
  • Chromium release assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Postmenopausal women exhibited reduced total lymphocytes, primarily B and CD4+ T cells, compared to fertile women.
    • Women with premature menopause showed decreased CD4+ T cells and increased CD8+, NK cells, and HLA class II antigen expression.
    • Lymphocyte counts (total, CD2, CD4, B, NK) positively correlated with Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and negatively with Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
    • Prolactin (PRL) positively influenced CD2, CD4, and B lymphocyte numbers.
    • FSH and 17 beta-estradiol inversely affected CD8 and B lymphocyte numbers.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased FSH and decreased PRL levels may contribute to reduced B and CD4 T lymphocytes, lowering autoimmune disease risk during and after menopause.
    • Premature menopause is associated with immune system activation, characterized by elevated HLA class II antigens and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8, NK), suggesting autoimmune dysregulation.