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Memory function in very early Alzheimer's disease

R C Petersen1, G E Smith, R J Ivnik

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Neurology
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Detecting early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial. Memory tests, particularly learning with cues, effectively identify very mild AD, aiding early intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for timely intervention.
  • Memory impairment is often the first clinical sign of AD, but diagnosis can be challenging.
  • Identifying sensitive measures for early AD detection is essential for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine which memory function indices are most sensitive in detecting early Alzheimer's disease.
  • To compare memory performance in probable AD patients and age-matched controls.
  • To evaluate the utility of specific learning measures for early AD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 106 pairs of probable AD patients and matched controls from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry.

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  • Utilized logistic regression analysis incorporating measures of memory, intelligence, attention, and language.
  • Performed secondary analysis on subgroups matched for Mini-Mental State Examination scores (24-26).

    • Main Results:

    • An index of learning, especially with semantic cuing, demonstrated the highest sensitivity in differentiating AD patients from controls.
    • This finding remained consistent even when analyzing subgroups matched on the Mini-Mental State Examination.
    • Learning measures with cue facilitation proved to be the most effective discriminators for very mild AD.

    Conclusions:

    • A specific measure of learning, enhanced by semantic cues, is a highly sensitive indicator for detecting very early Alzheimer's disease.
    • These findings can aid in the selection of individuals for early interventional strategies.
    • Cognitive assessment focusing on learning with cues offers a promising approach for early AD diagnosis.