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Carriage, transfer and interaction of oral viruses and bacteria
J Ongrádi1, G Várnai, M Bendinelli
1Institute of Microbiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
Abstract:
Carriage of antigens and infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human adenovirus type 1 (Ad-1) by salivary leukocytes was compared with the antibacterial activity of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and with the spectrum of oral bacterial and fungal flora. Risk of iatrogenic infections by microbes was assessed by detecting these viruses and microbes after disinfecting dental instruments. The results indicate carriage of antigens and infectious viruses in each age group between 6 and 60 years. Phagocytic activity by PMNL of virus carrier persons was found to be decreased as compared to virus-free subjects. The species number and survival after disinfection of oral bacteria and fungi were significantly higher in virus carrier persons. Infectious viruses were also obtained after disinfecting instruments used in their dental treatment. It is concluded that, virus infection of immune cells can contribute to the oral suppression of phagocytosis by PMNL. Intracellular viruses hidden from disinfectants can also result in infection of other subjects, especially if contemporary immunosuppression exists.
Insights
Oral immune cells can carry infectious viruses like herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human adenovirus type 1 (Ad-1), weakening their defense against bacteria and fungi. These viruses on dental instruments pose an infection risk.
Area of Science:
- Oral microbiology
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Salivary leukocytes can harbor viruses, potentially impacting oral immune defenses.
- Oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play a crucial role in combating oral pathogens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare viral carriage in salivary leukocytes with oral antibacterial activity.
- To assess the risk of iatrogenic infections from contaminated dental instruments.
Main Methods:
- Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human adenovirus type 1 (Ad-1) in salivary leukocytes.
- Assessment of oral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) phagocytic activity.
- Analysis of oral bacterial and fungal flora and their survival after disinfection.
Main Results:
- Infectious viruses (HSV-1, Ad-1) were found in salivary leukocytes across age groups (6-60 years).
- Virus carriers exhibited reduced PMNL phagocytic activity and increased oral bacterial/fungal loads.
- Infectious viruses were recovered from disinfected dental instruments used on carriers.
Conclusions:
- Viral infection of immune cells may suppress PMNL phagocytosis, compromising oral immunity.
- Intracellular viruses, shielded from disinfectants, pose a significant risk for transmission, especially in immunocompromised individuals.