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Related Experiment Videos

Infrequent panic: physiological and subjective reactions to hyperventilation

M L Whittal1, V L Goetsch, S Suchday

  • 1Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506.

Behaviour Research and Therapy
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Individuals with low trait anxiety experience fewer panic symptoms during hyperventilation. Subjective panic responses, not physiological ones, distinguish individuals during this stressor.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychophysiology
  • Anxiety Disorders

Background:

  • Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
  • Hyperventilation is a common trigger for panic attacks in susceptible individuals.
  • Trait anxiety may influence vulnerability to panic symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in panic symptomatology and physiological responses to hyperventilation.
  • To compare individuals with infrequent panic, high trait anxiety, and low trait anxiety.
  • To determine if subjective or physiological responses differentiate panic experiences.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-eight females participated in a 2-minute hyperventilation challenge.
  • Participants were categorized into three groups: infrequent panickers, no panic/high trait anxiety, and no panic/low trait anxiety.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Self-report measures assessed anxiety symptomatology, sensations, and cognitions; physiological reactivity was monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • The low trait anxiety group reported significantly lower anxiety symptomatology overall.
    • Hyperventilation did not yield significant group differences in physiological reactivity or recovery.
    • Individuals with low trait anxiety reported less severe sensations and panic incidence during hyperventilation compared to infrequent panickers and high trait anxiety groups.
    • Those who panicked reported more intense sensations and negative cognitions.

    Conclusions:

    • Subjective experiences, including sensation severity and cognitive appraisals, differentiate panic responses during hyperventilation.
    • Physiological responses to hyperventilation do not significantly distinguish between groups with varying panic vulnerability.
    • Trait anxiety levels play a role in the subjective experience of panic symptoms during induced hyperventilation.