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Lack of association between maternal phosphoglucomutase-1 phenotype and fetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy
F D Johnstone1, J D West, J Steel
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Objective:
To assess the reports that maternal phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) phenotype is highly related to macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. This could be either a direct metabolic phenomenon, or the PGM1 locus could be a marker for a tightly linked gene involved in the maternal control of fetal growth.
Design:
A comparative biochemical genetic study.
Setting:
A large diabetic pregnancy clinic.
Subjects:
One hundred and fifty-two women who had diabetes during pregnancy, 136 being insulin dependent before pregnancy. Two hundred and thirty-six women without pre-existing medical or pregnancy complications who functioned as a control group.
Measures:
PGM1 phenotype was assessed by conventional electrophoresis and subgroups were examined using iso-electric focusing.
Outcome:
Standardised birthweight was corrected for sex, maternal parity and gestation confirmed in every case by early pregnancy ultrasound. Maternal diabetes control was assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin.
Results:
No differences were found in the observed phenotype frequencies for diabetics and control pregnant women. No association between PGM1 phenotype and macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy was found. PGM1 did not make a significant contribution to birthweight, standardised birthweight, length or ponderal index of the baby as assessed by multiple regression.
Conclusions:
Our study of a larger number of insulin dependent diabetics in Scotland makes the claim that macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy is associated with PGM1 phenotype unlikely to be of general significance.