Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
Published on: August 7, 2017
Immune activation during infancy in healthy humans
A G Cummins1, B A Eglinton, A Gonzalez
1Gastroenterology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia.
Infant immune activity, measured by soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interferon-gamma, peaks around 4 months. This increased immune response during infancy is linked to the weaning process.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
- Neonatal Research
Background:
- Infant immune system development is critical for long-term health.
- Understanding immune activity during infancy informs vaccination strategies and health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate T cell immune activity in neonates and infants.
- To correlate immune markers with infant feeding practices.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples analyzed from 30 neonates and 52 infants (2-15 months).
- Measured soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interferon-gamma concentrations.
- Assessed proportions of CD4 CD45RO-, IL-2R (CD25)-, and CD71-positive lymphocytes.
Main Results:
- Soluble IL-2R and interferon-gamma peaked at 4 months of age compared to neonates.
- CD4 CD45RO T cell percentage remained low throughout infancy.
- Activated peripheral blood lymphocyte proportion decreased during infancy.
Conclusions:
- Noncirculatory immune activity significantly increases during infancy.
- This heightened immune activity is associated with the process of weaning.
More Related Videos
09:09Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
Published on: August 17, 2022
10:29Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling
Published on: April 3, 2026
Related Concept Videos
Humoral Immune Responses
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Active versus Passive Immunity
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...