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Related Experiment Videos

Measuring second-order selection bias in a work site health program

M Sepulveda1, A Goetz, J Grana

  • 1WFS Workforce Solutions, An IBM Company, Somers, NY 10589.

Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

This study on health assessments found that while participants who repeated the Voluntary Health Assessment (VHA) program showed improvements, the selection bias did not significantly alter the program

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Area of Science:

  • Health outcomes research
  • Biostatistics
  • Occupational health

Background:

  • Self-selection bias can impact the interpretation of health program effectiveness.
  • Understanding bias in voluntary health assessments is crucial for accurate results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the magnitude and direction of second-order self-selection bias in a large employee health program.
  • To determine if self-selection bias affects the observed health gains in repeat participants.

Main Methods:

  • Compared health characteristics of one-time vs. repeat participants in the Voluntary Health Assessment (VHA) program (n=93,807).
  • Simulated selection bias by altering participant inclusion criteria in the repeat VHA sample.
  • Analyzed changes in risk-relevant behaviors and health risk measures.

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Main Results:

  • Repeat VHA participants showed significant improvements in health behaviors and risk measures.
  • Systematic, but not uniform, differences were observed between one-time and repeat participants.
  • Simulations indicated that observed health gains were robust to selection bias.

Conclusions:

  • Second-order selection bias in gain studies does not automatically inflate results or alter conclusions about program effectiveness.
  • Simulation is a valuable method for quantifying selection bias in health intervention studies.