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Thiamphenicol pharmacokinetics in sheep
E H Abdennebi1, N Khales, R J Sawchuk
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco.
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|February 1, 1994
Summary
Thiamphenicol is well-absorbed intramuscularly in sheep, with rapid blood elimination. Oral absorption occurs, unlike chloramphenicol, suggesting rumen microbes don't transform it.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pharmacology
- Drug Metabolism
- Sheep Pharmacokinetics
Background:
- Understanding thiamphenicol's behavior in sheep is crucial for effective antimicrobial therapy.
- Previous studies suggest differences in oral absorption compared to chloramphenicol in ruminants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in sheep following intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration.
- To compare the oral absorption of thiamphenicol with that of chloramphenicol in adult sheep.
Main Methods:
- Pharmacokinetic analysis of thiamphenicol plasma concentrations.
- Intravenous, intramuscular, and oral drug administration in sheep.
- Calculation of bioavailability, volume of distribution, and biological half-life.
Main Results:
- High bioavailability (approx. 87.5%) after intramuscular injection.
- Wide distribution (V(b) approx. 1 L/Kg) and rapid elimination (half-life approx. 1.5 h).
- Significant oral absorption observed, with low plasma concentrations sustained for 24 hours, unlike chloramphenicol.
Conclusions:
- Thiamphenicol demonstrates good intramuscular absorption and distribution in sheep.
- Oral administration leads to true absorption in adult sheep, potentially due to resistance to rumen microbial biotransformation.
- Further metabolism studies are warranted to confirm the mechanism behind oral absorption differences.