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Anatomic considerations in botulinum toxin type A therapy for spasmodic dysphonia

P F Castellanos1, G A Gates, G Esselman

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.

The Laryngoscope
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Botulinum toxin type A injections effectively treat adductor spasmodic dysphonia via a transcutaneous vocal fold approach. Temporary side effects like breathiness are common but resolve, suggesting neural adaptation.

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