[Dietetic influences on the formation and prevention of cholesterol gallstones]

Dietary factors have long been considered to influence the formation of cholesterol gallstones. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated, although with inconsistent results, the possible impact of dietary factors such as high energy intake, high intake of cholesterol and fat (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids), high intake of refined carbohydrates, and low intake of dietary fiber. However, the obvious increase in the prevalence of gallstones in Western countries after the second world war is thought to underline a role of lifestyle and dietary factors. The following review summarizes current information concerning dietary risk factors and their impact on gallstone formation and prevention.