Effects of irrigation solutions on corneal endothelial function

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal Physiology
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Corneal hydration is critical for vision.
• Understanding the effects of irrigation solutions on corneal endothelium is vital for ophthalmic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of various in vitro irrigation solutions on rabbit corneal thickness and endothelial function.
• To assess the reversibility of swelling and the integrity of the corneal endothelium after exposure to different solutions.

Main Methods:

• Rabbit corneas were perfused in vitro with different solutions (BSS, Hartmann's, 0.9% NaCl, BSS Plus, TC199) for 90 minutes.
• Endothelial function was assessed by monitoring swelling/thinning rates during bicarbonate-free and bicarbonate-containing perfusion.
• Corneal thickness was measured using ultrasonic pachymetry.

Main Results:

• Solutions like 0.9% NaCl and cold Hartmann's caused significant initial swelling.
• Room temperature Hartmann's solution led to reversible swelling, with corneas returning to normal thickness.
• Despite swelling, endothelial cells remained intact with no cell loss, though morphological changes were observed.

Conclusions:

• The choice of irrigation solution can influence temporary corneal swelling.
• Room temperature Hartmann's solution appears most favorable for maintaining corneal thickness and reversibility.
• Corneal endothelium retains functional integrity and barrier properties even after exposure to potentially swelling solutions.