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Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

G J Selvin1

  • 1New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts.

Optometry Clinics : the Official Publication of the Prentice Society
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are common eyelid cancers. BCC grows slowly and rarely spreads, while SCC grows faster and can metastasize, requiring prompt treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Eyelid growths necessitate differential diagnosis, considering actinic lesions like basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  • BCC is the most frequent eyelid malignancy, characterized by slow growth and rare metastasis, but potential local invasion.
  • SCC shares similar epidemiology with BCC but exhibits faster growth and a significant metastatic potential (up to 20%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid.
  • To outline the distinct clinical behaviors and management strategies for these two common eyelid cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical characteristics and epidemiological data for BCC and SCC.
  • Comparison of treatment modalities including Mohs surgery, excision, cryosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors based on tumor type and stage.

Main Results:

  • Basal cell carcinoma presents as the most common eyelid cancer, typically slow-growing with low metastatic risk, yet capable of extensive local invasion.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma demonstrates more aggressive behavior, including faster growth and a higher propensity for metastasis.
  • Treatment options vary, with Mohs surgery, excision, cryosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy available for BCC, while SCC is primarily managed with conventional surgery, cryosurgery, and radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for both BCC and SCC of the eyelid.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma, if detected late, can lead to a poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and metastatic potential.
  • Understanding the differences in behavior and treatment is key to optimizing patient outcomes for these eyelid malignancies.

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