The relationship between salivary growth factors, electrolytes and abnormal sodium transport in human hypertension

We have previously shown cheek cell Na+/H+ antiporter activity to be reduced in human hypertensives. We have now examined the relationship between abnormal antiporter activity and a variety of salivary factors. Total protein concentration and amylase activity were higher in hypertensives, but salivary flow rate and epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were not significantly different between hypertensives and normotensives. The lowered cheek cell Na+/H+ antiporter activity in those hypertensives with diastolic BP greater than 95 mmHg was accompanied by lowered salivary Na+/H+ ratios. In borderline hypertensives (diastolic BP between 90 and 95 mmHg), the Na+/H+ ratio was reduced to a similar extent to that seen in those hypertensives with a diastolic BP above 95 mmHg, however the cheek cell antiporter activity was not reduced, suggesting that these two differences are not related in a simple fashion in all hypertensives. It is concluded that it is unlikely that differences in salivary growth factors explain the lowered cheek cell Na+/H+ antiporter activity observed in human hypertension. Our findings indicate that salivary electrolyte composition may be related to cheek cell Na+/H+ antiporter activity and these parameters may be altered in hypertension.