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Periaqueductal gray area and cardiovascular function

F Rossi1, S Maione, L Berrino

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, II University of Naples, Italy.

Pharmacological Research
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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The periaqueductal gray (PAG) modulates cardiovascular function through distinct neuronal columns. Its stimulation can cause hypertension or hypotension, involving glutamate and vasopressin systems.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a midbrain structure involved in various biological functions, including defense, reproduction, pain, anxiety, and autonomic activities.
  • Anatomically, the PAG comprises symmetric neuronal columns along the aqueduct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings (last 10-15 years) on the interaction between the PAG and cardiovascular function.
  • To elucidate the role of specific PAG neuronal columns and neurochemical systems in cardiovascular regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PAG stimulation and cardiovascular responses.
  • Analysis of studies investigating neurochemical involvement (glutamate, NMDA receptors, vasopressin) in PAG-mediated cardiovascular control.

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Main Results:

  • PAG neuronal columns exhibit viscerotropic organization, eliciting distinct cardiovascular responses.
  • Stimulation of the ventral PAG column induces hypotension with decreased vascular resistance.
  • Stimulation of dorsal and lateral PAG columns evokes hypertension with specific vascular resistance changes.
  • The glutamatergic system, particularly NMDA receptors, and arginine vasopressin are implicated in PAG-induced cardiovascular effects.

Conclusions:

  • The PAG plays a significant role in cardiovascular regulation through its organized neuronal columns.
  • Specific PAG subregions and neurochemical pathways, including glutamate and vasopressin, are critical for controlling blood pressure and vascular resistance.