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Protozyme: emerging evidence in nature

Y Anraku¹, R Hirata

¹Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo.

Journal of Biochemistry

|February 1, 1994

Summary

The VMA1 gene in yeast produces a protein that splices itself, creating both a DNA-cutting enzyme and a vacuolar ATPase component. This dual-function protozyme also facilitates gene homing, a process seen across diverse organisms.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

The VMA1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbors the VDE gene, expressing two functional proteins.
A single VMA1 translational product appears to mediate self-protein splicing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dual roles of the VMA1 locus product.
To explore its function as a catalyst for self-protein splicing and gene homing.

Main Methods:

Analysis of the VMA1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Protein splicing and gene homing mechanism investigation.

Main Results:

A single VMA1 product excises an internal domain, yielding a DNA endonuclease.
The remaining N- and C-domains ligate via transpeptidation to form a vacuolar ATPase subunit.
Evidence suggests the VMA1 locus encodes a protozyme with dual catalytic roles.

Conclusions:

The VMA1 protozyme acts as a protean catalyst for both self-protein splicing and gene homing.
Four protozymes with similar protein splicing mechanisms have been identified across three major phylogenetic trees.

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