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Related Experiment Videos

Evidence for recent genetic variation in monkeypox viruses

N J Douglass1, M Richardson, K R Dumbell

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

The Journal of General Virology
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Monkeypox virus DNA analysis reveals geographic-specific genetic variations. These differences, particularly in a non-essential gene, help track the virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA fragment-size profiles generated by PstI digestion correlate with geographic origin.
  • Variations in MPXV genomes were observed, including some in subterminal regions and the central conserved region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further differentiate MPXV genomes by analyzing a specific region within the central conserved part of the genome.
  • To investigate a partially deleted open reading frame (ORF) in MPXV, analogous to intact ORFs in variola and vaccinia viruses.
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics and geographic distribution of MPXV through genetic variation analysis.

Main Methods:

  • DNA digestion of MPXV isolates using the endonuclease PstI.
  • Analysis of fragment-size profiles to identify genomic variations.
  • Sequencing and comparative analysis of a specific ORF region within the central conserved part of the MPXV genome.

Main Results:

  • Geographic-specific fragment-size profiles were observed in MPXV DNA.
  • A partially deleted ORF was identified in MPXV, with variations (deletions and insertions) distinguishing West African and Zairean isolates.
  • Three deletions predating geographic separation and more recent changes differentiating lineages were identified; overall sequence similarity exceeded 99%.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variations in MPXV, particularly in a non-functional ORF, reflect geographic origins and recent evolutionary changes.
  • Insertions and deletions appear to be common in poxvirus DNA replication but are only preserved in non-essential genes.
  • This genetic analysis provides insights into MPXV evolution and transmission dynamics.

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