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Dysphagia associated with neurological disorders

D W Buchholz1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Neurogenic dysphagia, a swallowing disorder from neurologic conditions, presents with symptoms like drooling and choking. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent malnutrition and respiratory issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Neurogenic dysphagia stems from sensorimotor deficits in swallowing phases due to neurological disorders.
  • Symptoms include drooling, difficulty swallowing, nasal regurgitation, and choking, potentially leading to dehydration and malnutrition if untreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for neurogenic dysphagia.

Main Methods:

  • Videofluoroscopy of swallowing to assess oropharyngeal motor function and laryngeal protection.
  • Neurological consultation, MRI, blood tests, EMG/nerve conduction studies, and potentially CSF examination or muscle biopsy for etiological evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Videofluoroscopy typically reveals impaired oropharyngeal motor performance and/or laryngeal protection in neurogenic dysphagia.
  • Common causes include stroke, head trauma, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, and myopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Neurogenic dysphagia requires thorough neurological and swallowing evaluations.
  • Treatment focuses on the underlying neurological condition, swallowing therapy, or gastrostomy depending on safety and nutritional needs.

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