[Giant cell arteritis and aortic dissection in 2 siblings]

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Rheumatology
• Genetics

Background:

• Aortic aneurysms are recognized in genetic connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
• Aortic aneurysms can occur independently of overt collagen disorders.
• Patients with temporal arteritis exhibit a higher incidence of aortic aneurysms.

Observation:

• Presents the first documented case of temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and type B aortic dissection in siblings.
• Two female siblings presented with concurrent diagnoses of temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and type B aortic dissection.
• This familial occurrence suggests a potential genetic predisposition or shared environmental factor.

Findings:

• A retrospective autopsy survey revealed 2% prevalence of aortic aneurysms, with 7% linked to arteritis.
• Arteritic processes accounted for 15% of thoracic and 5% of abdominal aneurysms.
• The siblings' presentation indicates a significant association between arteritis and aortic pathology.

Implications:

• Highlights the critical risk of aneurysmal aortic dilatation and dissection in chronic or later stages of arteritis.
• Suggests the importance of cardiovascular screening in patients with temporal arteritis, especially those with a family history.
• This case broadens the understanding of potential systemic manifestations of arteritis and associated vascular risks.