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Long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces observed by atomic force microscopy

Y H Tsao1, D F Evans, H Wennerström

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 22, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Atomic force microscopy reveals a long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces in ethylene glycol, similar to surface forces apparatus findings. A molecular mechanism involving polarized domains in adsorbed monolayers is proposed and theoretically modeled.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Physical chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Hydrophobic surfaces exhibit attractive forces, crucial for phenomena like protein adsorption and cell adhesion.
  • Previous studies using the surface forces apparatus (SFA) have characterized these forces in various media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • To explore the presence and characteristics of this force in a nonaqueous solvent, ethylene glycol.
  • To propose and theoretically model a molecular mechanism underlying the observed force.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe forces between hydrophobic surfaces.
  • Conducted experiments in the nonaqueous solvent ethylene glycol.

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  • Developed a theoretical model to explain the observed attractive forces.

    • Main Results:

    • AFM measurements showed a long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces, consistent with SFA results.
    • This attractive force was confirmed in ethylene glycol.
    • The study identified a potential molecular mechanism involving in-plane polarized domains of adsorbed monolayers on mica.

    Conclusions:

    • Atomic force microscopy provides evidence for a long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces in nonaqueous solvents.
    • The proposed molecular mechanism involving polarized domains offers a plausible explanation for the observed force.
    • The developed theoretical model successfully accounts for many experimental observations, advancing the understanding of interfacial forces.