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Pulmonary function hysteresis during compression to, and decompression from 31.3 ATA

N A Taylor1, J R Clarke

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Divers breathing dense heliox gas mixtures at extreme pressures showed improved lung function after adaptation, indicating physiological adjustments to a significant respiratory load during deep saturation dives.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Respiratory Mechanics

Background:

  • Breathing heliox at high pressures (31.3 ATA) creates a significantly denser gas mixture (5.5x air at 1 ATA).
  • This high-density gas poses a substantial respiratory load, known to induce physiological adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential hysteresis in pulmonary function during compression, adaptation, and decompression phases of a saturation dive.
  • To assess how the respiratory system responds to prolonged exposure to a dense gas mixture.

Main Methods:

  • Five divers participated in a 16-day saturation dive to 31.3 ATA.
  • Pulmonary function tests were conducted at surface air and at four pressure stops breathing a helium-oxygen mixture.
  • Measurements included maximal voluntary ventilation, forced expired volume at 1 second, peak expiratory flow, and maximum expiratory flows.

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Main Results:

  • Significant hysteresis was observed in multiple pulmonary function parameters (P < 0.05).
  • Post-adaptation lung function measurements consistently exceeded those recorded during compression.
  • Observed hysteresis suggests physiological changes in response to the respiratory load.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary function exhibits hysteresis during saturation dives with dense gas breathing.
  • Adaptation to the respiratory load may involve neural modifications to airway smooth muscle and resistance.
  • Findings suggest the respiratory system can adapt to significant challenges posed by extreme pressure environments.