LIGHT model: an effective intervention model to change high-risk AIDS behaviors among hard-to-reach urban drug users

Two thousand thirty-three hospital emergency room (ER) patients who were current, active injecting drug users (IDUs) were voluntary participants in a pretest, posttest research project which utilized a nursing model, the Personalized Nursing LIGHT Model, as a counseling approach to decrease high-risk AIDS behaviors. The LIGHT Model works by directly improving well-being and thereby indirectly decreasing high-risk behaviors associated with AIDS. Addicts from an urban ER in each of three cities (Detroit, Michigan; Brooklyn, New York; and Baltimore, Maryland) were treated with teams consisting of nurses and indigenous outreach workers. Posttest data were gathered on 995 of the clients who received the Personalized Nursing LIGHT Model teaching and counseling intervention. In a posttest at least 3 months after the initial interview, these IDUs reported a significant increase in well-being, t(530) = -11.77; p < .001, and significant reductions in frequency of IV heroin use, z = -18.4; p < .001, IV cocaine use, z = -16.0; p < .001, and IV speedball use, z = -14.3; p < .001, as well as significant decreases in sharing of cookers (a type of drug-using equipment), z = -13.8; p < .001, and other high-risk behaviors associated with AIDS acquisition and transmission. At a second posttest, at least 6 months after the initial interview, these results were unchanged.