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Substance abuse in adolescent trauma

J M Loiselle1, M D Baker, J M Templeton

  • 1Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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A significant percentage of adolescents admitted for acute trauma test positive for alcohol or drug use. Toxicology screens are recommended for these patients, particularly those with intentional injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Adolescent Health
  • Toxicology Screening

Background:

  • Adolescent trauma is a significant public health concern.
  • The prevalence of substance use in trauma patients is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug use in adolescents experiencing acute trauma.
  • To compare substance use rates between trauma patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, age-matched controlled study conducted over 20 months.
  • Involved urban pediatric emergency department patients (13-19 years) admitted for trauma.
  • Included an age-matched control group of asthmatic patients.

Main Results:

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  • 34% (22 of 65) of trauma patients tested positive for alcohol or drugs.
  • Substance use was significantly higher in trauma patients compared to controls (P < .001).
  • Intentional injuries showed a higher rate of positive toxicology screens (21 of 71) than unintentional injuries (1 of 63).

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of adolescents hospitalized for trauma have positive toxicology screens.
  • Routine toxicology screening is advised for adolescents with significant trauma, especially with intentional mechanisms.