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Primary sleep enuresis in childhood. Polysomnographic evidences of sleep stage and time modulation
R Reimão1, L C Pachelli, R Carneiro
1Sleep Disorders Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brasil.
Insights
Children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Sleep Medicine
- Urology
Background:
- Primary essential sleep enuresis affects children.
- Understanding enuresis triggers is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between enuretic events and sleep characteristics in children with primary essential sleep enuresis.
- To analyze the timing and sleep stage distribution of enuretic events.
Main Methods:
- Polysomnography with an enuresis sensor was performed on 18 children (ages 5-12) diagnosed with primary essential sleep enuresis.
- Only nights with enuretic events were analyzed, focusing on sleep stages, cycles, and event timing.
- Patients were drug-free for two weeks prior to the study.
Main Results:
- Enuretic events predominantly occurred during non-REM (NREM) sleep (p < 0.05).
- No specific NREM sleep stage showed a predominance for enuretic events.
- Events tended to occur within the first two sleep cycles, potentially due to cycle duration.
Conclusions:
- Enuretic events in primary essential sleep enuresis are linked to specific sleep phases, primarily NREM sleep.
- The timing of enuresis is modulated and follows a normal distribution during the sleep recording.
- Further research may explore interventions targeting NREM sleep to manage enuresis.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate enuretic events and its relations to sleep stages, sleep cycles and time durations in a selected group of children with primary essential sleep enuresis. We evaluated 18 patients with mean age of 8.2 years old (ranging from 5 to 12 years); 10 were males and 8 females (n.s.). They were referred to the Sleep Disorders Center with the specific complaint of enuresis since the first years of life (primary). Pediatric, urologic and neurologic workup did not show objective abnormalities (essential). The standard all-night polysomnography including an enuresis sensor attached to the shorts in the crotch area was performed. Only enuretic events nights were included. All were drug free patients for two weeks prior to polysomnography. In this report, only one polysomnography per patient was considered. The enuretic events were phase related, occurring predominantly in non-REM (NREM) sleep (p < 0.05). There was no predominance of enuretic events among the NREM stages (n.s.). A tendency of these events to occur in the first two sleep cycles was detected but may be due to the longer duration of these cycles. The events were time modulated, adjusted to a normal distribution with a mean of 213.4 min of recording time.