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Related Experiment Videos

Oral contraceptives decrease hepatic cholesterol independent of the LDL receptor in nonhuman primates

P L Colvin1, J D Wagner, M D Heuser

  • 1Department of Compartive Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC. 27157.

Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis : a Journal of Vascular Biology
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Oral contraceptives did not alter LDL cholesterol or LDL receptor mRNA in monkeys. However, they significantly reduced hepatic cholesteryl ester concentration, indicating a cholesterol-lowering mechanism independent of LDL receptors.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pharmacological estrogen doses increase hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism via the LDL receptor (LDL-R) pathway.
  • The relevance of high-dose estrogen effects on LDL receptors to physiological conditions is uncertain.
  • Mechanisms by which oral contraceptives (OCs) affect LDL metabolism are largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a combined ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel oral contraceptive on LDL metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys.
  • To determine if OCs modulate hepatic LDL receptor expression and cholesterol levels.

Main Methods:

  • Adult female cynomolgus monkeys received OCs (n=16) or no hormones (control, n=7) for 16 weeks.
  • Animals consumed a diet high in saturated fat and moderate in cholesterol.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Hepatic LDL-R mRNA, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), hepatic cholesteryl ester, and free cholesterol concentrations were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in LDL-C or hepatic LDL-R mRNA were observed between OC-treated and control groups.
    • Hepatic cholesteryl ester concentration was significantly lower in the OC-treated group (7.28 ± 3.59 mg/g liver) compared to controls (16.07 ± 11.86 mg/g liver; P = .01).
    • Hepatic free cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral contraceptives decrease hepatic cholesterol concentration through a mechanism independent of LDL receptor expression.
    • These findings suggest a novel pathway for cholesterol modulation by OCs under specific dietary conditions.