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[Hydroelectrolyte, acid-base, and renal function changes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]
R C Manfro1, A G Stumpf, C L Horn
1Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Background:
A variety of metabolic and renal disturbances have been described in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) but their influence on the clinical outcome has not been reported. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of fluid and electrolyte, acid-base, and renal function disturbances in AIDS patients. The influence of these abnormalities on the clinical outcome was studied as well.
Material And Methods:
Following to a previously established protocol, the charts of all patients hospitalized during the first semester of 1989 were reviewed.
Results:
The prevalence of hyponatremia was 45% and 80.7% at admission and during hospitalization respectively of 99 patients. Hypokalemia was present in 23.1% of the patients. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure were 20.1% and 28.4% prevalent. The relative risk for mortality in patients with hypokalemia was 4.4. Metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure had relative risks of 12.9 and 21.4.
Conclusions:
There is an elevated prevalence of fluid and electrolyte, acid-base and renal function disturbances in these patients. The presence of hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and renal failure are significantly associated with mortality in AIDS.