Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 22, 2026

10:07
Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
Published on: February 10, 2015
The influence of scapular retraction and protraction on the width of the subacromial space. An MRI study
E Solem-Bertoft1, K A Thuomas, C E Westerberg
1Department of Physiotherapy and of Orthopaedic Surgery, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|November 1, 1993
Abstract:
The width and configuration of the subacromial space was studied in retraction and protraction of the shoulder girdle in four healthy subjects by magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior opening of the subacromial space narrowed as the shoulder moved from a retracted to a protracted position.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Shoulder
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

