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Drug-induced photosensitivity

J E Allen1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City 84132.

Clinical Pharmacy
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many common medications can cause photosensitivity, leading to skin reactions from ultraviolet A (UVA) light exposure. Phototoxic reactions are more common than photoallergic reactions, necessitating patient counseling on sun avoidance.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Photosensitivity is an adverse drug reaction triggered by ultraviolet (UV) light.
  • Two main types exist: phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, differing in their underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the characteristics and diagnosis of photosensitivity.
  • To identify drugs available in the United States known to cause photosensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on drug-induced photosensitivity.
  • Identification of specific drug classes associated with phototoxic and photoallergic reactions.

Main Results:

  • Phototoxic reactions occur when drugs absorb UVA energy, causing direct cellular damage; common culprits include amiodarone, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

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  • Photoallergic reactions involve light-induced drug modification, acting as a hapten and triggering a hypersensitivity immune response; thiazides and benzocaine are examples.
  • Phototoxicity is significantly more prevalent than photoallergy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Pharmacists play a crucial role in identifying photosensitizing drugs.
    • Patient education on minimizing sun exposure is essential when prescribing or dispensing these medications.