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Equine plasma and blood volumes decrease with dehydration but subsequently increase with exercise

J R Naylor1, W M Bayly, H C Schott

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
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Low-intensity exercise in horses typically increases plasma volume (PV) and blood volume (BV). Dehydration before exercise can alter these responses, impacting oxygen delivery and circulating volume.

Area of Science:

  • Equine physiology
  • Exercise science
  • Cardiovascular regulation

Background:

  • Understanding how dehydration affects equine physiology during exercise is crucial for performance and health.
  • Plasma volume (PV) and blood volume (BV) are key indicators of hydration status and circulatory function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different types of dehydration on plasma volume and blood volume changes during low-intensity exercise in horses.
  • To determine if exercise itself influences PV and BV and how dehydration modifies these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Six horses were subjected to three conditions: euhydrated (control), isotonic dehydration (furosemide-induced), and hypertonic dehydration (30-hour water deprivation).
  • Horses underwent 40 minutes of exercise at approximately 40% of maximal oxygen consumption in each condition.

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  • Plasma volume, blood volume, hematocrit, total plasma protein, and electrolyte concentrations were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Dehydration significantly decreased baseline PV and BV compared to control.
    • Exercise generally increased PV and BV, but the magnitude of increase was influenced by the hydration state.
    • Hypertonic dehydration led to a decrease in PV during exercise, while isotonic dehydration blunted the increase.

    Conclusions:

    • Increases in plasma and blood volume are normal physiological responses to low-intensity exercise in horses.
    • Dehydration, particularly hypertonic, can impair the normal expansion of blood volume during exercise.
    • These findings highlight the importance of hydration status for maintaining circulatory function and oxygen transport during equine exercise.