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Functional electrical stimulation and respiration during sleep

M J Decker1, J Haaga, J L Arnold

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is tolerable at higher intensities during sleep. However, both surface and fine-wire FES methods showed inconsistent effectiveness in terminating apneic events.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves ineffective upper airway muscle activation during sleep.
  • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is explored as a potential treatment to reduce OSA events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensory effects of FES during wakefulness and its impact on OSA events.
  • To compare surface FES with fine-wire FES delivered to the hypoglossal nerve.

Main Methods:

  • Studies involved 11 subjects (4 healthy, 7 with OSA).
  • Surface electrodes and fine-wire electrodes targeting the hypoglossal nerve were used for FES.
  • Stimulus intensity tolerance and effects on apneic events were recorded.

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Main Results:

  • Subjects tolerated higher FES stimulus intensities during sleep compared to wakefulness.
  • Surface FES terminated 22% of apneas; fine-wire FES terminated 23% of apneas.
  • Both FES methods demonstrated inconsistent efficacy in resolving apneic events during sleep.

Conclusions:

  • FES is generally well-tolerated at higher parameters during sleep in OSA patients.
  • Current FES approaches show limited and inconsistent success in terminating apneic events.
  • Further research is needed to optimize FES for effective OSA treatment.