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Joint impairment and ambulation in the elderly

J Gibbs1, S Hughes, D Dunlop

  • 1Center for Health Services and Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Joint impairment significantly impacts walking speed in older adults, even after accounting for age and education. This highlights the importance of addressing joint health for maintaining mobility in the elderly population.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Health
  • Biomedical Engineering (Gait Analysis)

Background:

  • Ambulation is crucial for independence and quality of life in the elderly.
  • Joint impairment is a common condition affecting older adults.
  • The specific impact of joint impairment on walking ability requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of lower joint impairment on ambulation in individuals over 60 years old.
  • To utilize a multivariate model to assess the relationship between joint health and walking performance.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study utilizing baseline data from a longitudinal study.
  • Inclusion of 532 participants aged 60+, categorized into continuing care retirement community, homebound, and ambulatory groups.

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  • Assessment of lower joint impairment, comorbidities, pain, depression, and anxiety, with ambulation measured as walk-rate (time to walk 50 feet).

    • Main Results:

    • 61% of participants exhibited impairment in more than one lower joint group; nearly 50% of homebound individuals had impairment in over three joint groups.
    • While demographics (age, education) explained significant variance in walk-rate, lower joint impairment accounted for an additional 7% after controlling for covariates.
    • A 3-point increase in lower joint impairment score correlated with a 4-second increase in 50-foot walk time, with knee and lower spine joints being most impactful.

    Conclusions:

    • Age and education are significant predictors of walking performance in the elderly.
    • Joint impairment independently contributes to reduced walking ability in older adults, irrespective of demographic factors and non-musculoskeletal conditions.
    • Targeting joint health may be a viable strategy to improve or maintain ambulation in the aging population.