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Malnutrition in institutionalized elderly: how and why?

H H Keller1

  • 1Parkwood Hospital, London, Ont., Canada.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|November 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

High rates of undernutrition (45.5%) and overnutrition affect elderly patients in long-term care. Factors like dysphagia, poor appetite, and age contribute to undernutrition, necessitating targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nutritional status is critical for elderly health, especially in long-term care settings.
  • Prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition in institutionalized elderly populations requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition in elderly patients residing in long-term care.
  • To identify functional, behavioral, environmental, nutritional, and medical factors associated with these nutritional states.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a Canadian long-term care hospital.
  • Two hundred elderly patients (average age 78.5 years) were assessed for nutritional status and associated characteristics.
  • Nutritional status was evaluated using weight, BMI, body fat measurements, and regression analyses identified influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 45.5% of patients experienced undernutrition, and 28% experienced overnutrition.
  • Undernutrition was linked to age, dysphagia, slow eating, poor appetite, and feeding tube use.
  • Overnutrition was associated with primary diagnosis, medication count, and negatively with appetite and mental state.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of undernutrition in this institutionalized elderly population is significant.
  • Behavioral, environmental, and disease-related factors substantially impact nutritional status.
  • Interventions targeting specific factors are recommended to reduce undernutrition in institutionalized elderly.

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