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Hot occupation and nephrolithiasis

L Borghi1, T Meschi, F Amato

  • 1Institute of Semeiotica Medica, University of Parma and Medicina Preventiva e Igiene del Lavoro, Parma, Italy.

The Journal of Urology
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Machinists in hot environments have higher rates of kidney stones, particularly uric acid stones, due to chronic dehydration. Increased fluid intake is crucial for workers in hot conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Nephrology
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Machinists in hot environments experience chronic heat stress and significant fluid loss through sweating.
  • Previous studies have not fully isolated heat stress as a risk factor for stone disease due to confounding factors like metal exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of kidney stone disease and associated risk factors in machinists exposed to heat stress.
  • To determine if chronic dehydration in a hot occupational setting contributes to urinary stone formation, specifically uric acid stones.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing stone disease prevalence in machinists exposed to heat stress versus controls in normal temperatures.
  • Measurement of urinary stone risk indexes, including uric acid concentration, specific gravity, and pH, over a 3-day work shift in exposed and non-exposed groups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estimation of heat stress exposure using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index.

    • Main Results:

    • The prevalence of nephrolithiasis was significantly higher in machinists exposed to heat stress (8.5%) compared to controls (2.4%).
    • A high incidence of uric acid stones (38.8%) was observed in the heat-exposed group.
    • Workers exposed to heat stress exhibited significantly higher uric acid concentration, specific gravity, and lower pH, leading to increased uric acid relative supersaturation.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic dehydration resulting from occupational heat exposure is a significant risk factor for developing kidney stone disease, particularly uric acid stones.
    • Maintaining adequate fluid intake is essential for machinists and other workers in hot environments to mitigate the risk of stone formation.
    • This study highlights the importance of environmental factors and hydration status in occupational nephrology.