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Selenium--its biological perspectives

R S Bedwal1, N Nair, M P Sharma

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

Medical Hypotheses
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Selenium (Se) is vital for health but toxic at high doses. This trace element impacts detoxification, enzyme function, and is linked to various diseases, including cancer and AIDS.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with a narrow window between nutritional requirement and toxicity.
  • Metabolism involves methylation, with monomethylated forms being most toxic.
  • Se plays crucial roles in enzyme function, detoxification, and interacts with other elements like sulfur, zinc, cadmium, and mercury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of selenium in biological systems.
  • To explore the relationship between selenium levels and various diseases.
  • To understand selenium's impact on reproductive health and toxicity symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of selenium's biochemical and physiological effects.
  • Analysis of selenium's role in disease states and toxicological profiles.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of selenium's involvement in metabolic pathways and organ-specific functions.

    • Main Results:

    • Lowered Se concentrations are observed in patients with AIDS, Down's syndrome, Crohn's disease, cancer, and Keshan's disease.
    • Selenium exhibits antiproliferative and cancer-protective effects.
    • Se is essential for testosterone biosynthesis and testicular function.
    • Se toxicity manifests as respiratory irritation, metallic taste, and garlic odor due to dimethyl-selenide.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium is a critical trace element with diverse biological functions, influencing health and disease.
    • Maintaining optimal selenium levels is crucial for preventing toxicity and supporting physiological processes.
    • Further research into selenium's therapeutic potential and toxicological mechanisms is warranted.