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Ocular sequelae in premature infants

J M Page1, S Schneeweiss, H E Whyte

  • 1Department of Nursing, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Pediatrics
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Premature infants with low birth weight and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have a high risk of developing myopia and strabismus. Vision significantly deteriorates by 24 months, necessitating continued follow-up.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Premature infants are at increased risk for ocular complications.
  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant concern in this population.
  • Long-term visual outcomes require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of myopia and strabismus in premature infants.
  • To assess visual development at 12 and 24 months postterm.
  • To identify risk factors associated with these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of eye charts from 190 premature infants (birth weight <1251 g).
  • Assessment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) staging.
  • Ophthalmological examinations at 12 and 24 months including refraction and motility tests.

Main Results:

  • ROP was present in 53% of infants; 12% progressed to severe stages.
  • Myopia incidence was 16% at 12 months, increasing to 38% by 24 months.
  • Low birth weight, ROP severity, and intraventricular hemorrhage were linked to myopia and strabismus.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight, ROP, and intraventricular hemorrhage are key factors in myopia and strabismus development.
  • Deteriorating vision observed in over 80% of infants by 24 months.
  • Extended follow-up to two years is crucial for monitoring visual health in premature infants.

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